アップデート用ファームウェアの作成(クロス)

“build_firm.sh” スクリプトにより、ファームウェアファイルを作ることができます。¹⁾
スクリプト本体は、ダウンロード:MA-E3xxシリーズにあります。

root@lubuntu-vpc:/home/user1# ./build_firm.sh
MA-E3xx series Firmware build script
usage: build_firm.sh -k kernel_dir -r rootfs dir [-o firmware_file]

引数として、下記を指定します。

-k : カーネルソースを展開したディレクトリ
-r : root filesystemのアーカイブ²⁾を展開³⁾したディレクトリ
-o : 出力ファームウェアファイル名 (省略可: 省略時、カレントディレクトリに “firmware_YYYYMMDD_hhmmss.img” 形式で作成します)

実行サンプルを示します。

root@lubuntu-vpc:/home/user1# ./build_firm.sh -k src/linux-kernel -r work/rootfs
MA-E3xx series Firmware build script
* kernelrelease: 3.14.0-rc7+
  CHK     include/config/kernel.release
  CHK     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
  CHK     include/generated/utsrelease.h
make[1]: `include/generated/mach-types.h' は更新済みです
  CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
  CHK     include/generated/compile.h
  SKIPPED include/generated/compile.h
  CHK     kernel/config_data.h
  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
  Building modules, stage 2.
  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
  MODPOST 178 modules
  CHK     include/config/kernel.release
  CHK     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
  CHK     include/generated/utsrelease.h
make[1]: `include/generated/mach-types.h' は更新済みです
  CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
  CHK     include/generated/compile.h
  SKIPPED include/generated/compile.h
  CHK     kernel/config_data.h
  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
  Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
* copying kernel image
* copying DeviceTree blob
* instal kernel modules to /home/user1/work/rootfs/lib/modules/3.14.0-rc7+
  INSTALL drivers/crypto/omap-aes.ko
  INSTALL drivers/crypto/omap-sham.ko
  INSTALL drivers/misc/ti-st/st_drv.ko
  INSTALL drivers/mtd/chips/map_ram.ko
  INSTALL drivers/mtd/devices/block2mtd.ko
  INSTALL drivers/mtd/devices/m25p80.ko
  INSTALL drivers/mtd/devices/mtdram.ko
  INSTALL drivers/mtd/maps/plat-ram.ko
  INSTALL drivers/mtd/nand/nandsim.ko
  INSTALL drivers/net/usb/asix.ko
  INSTALL drivers/net/usb/ax88179_178a.ko
  INSTALL drivers/net/usb/cdc_eem.ko
  INSTALL drivers/net/usb/cdc_ether.ko
  INSTALL drivers/net/usb/cdc_mbim.ko
  INSTALL drivers/net/usb/cdc_ncm.ko
  INSTALL drivers/rtc/rtc-omap.ko
  INSTALL drivers/thermal/ti-soc-thermal/ti-soc-thermal.ko
  INSTALL drivers/usb/class/cdc-wdm.ko
  INSTALL lib/ts_bm.ko
  INSTALL lib/ts_fsm.ko
  INSTALL lib/ts_kmp.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_802_3.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_among.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arp.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arpreply.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_dnat.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip6.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_limit.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_log.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark_m.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_nflog.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_pkttype.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_redirect.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_snat.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_stp.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ulog.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_vlan.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_filter.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_nat.ko
  INSTALL net/bridge/netfilter/nf_tables_bridge.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/arp_tables.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/arpt_mangle.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/arptable_filter.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_CLUSTERIP.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ah.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_rpfilter.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_raw.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_nat_snmp_basic.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_tables_arp.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_tables_ipv4.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nft_chain_nat_ipv4.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nft_chain_route_ipv4.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv4/netfilter/nft_reject_ipv4.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/ah6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/esp6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/ip6_gre.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/ip6_tunnel.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/ipcomp6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6_tables.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_MASQUERADE.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_NPT.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_REJECT.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_SYNPROXY.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_ah.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_eui64.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_frag.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_hbh.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_ipv6header.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_mh.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_rpfilter.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_rt.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_filter.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_mangle.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_nat.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_raw.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_conntrack_ipv6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_defrag_ipv6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_nat_ipv6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_tables_ipv6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/nft_chain_nat_ipv6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/nft_chain_route_ipv6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/netfilter/nft_reject_ipv6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/sit.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/tunnel6.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/xfrm6_mode_beet.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/xfrm6_mode_ro.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/xfrm6_mode_transport.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/xfrm6_mode_tunnel.ko
  INSTALL net/ipv6/xfrm6_tunnel.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_bitmap_ip.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_bitmap_ipmac.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_bitmap_port.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_ip.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_ipport.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_ipportip.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_ipportnet.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_net.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_netiface.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_netnet.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_netport.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_netportnet.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_list_set.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nf_tables.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nf_tables_inet.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_compat.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_counter.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_ct.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_exthdr.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_hash.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_limit.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_log.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_meta.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_nat.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_queue.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_rbtree.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_reject.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/nft_reject_inet.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_CHECKSUM.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_CLASSIFY.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_CT.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_DSCP.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_HL.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_HMARK.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_IDLETIMER.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_NETMAP.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_NFLOG.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_NFQUEUE.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_RATEEST.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_TCPMSS.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_TCPOPTSTRIP.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_TEE.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_TPROXY.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_TRACE.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_addrtype.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_bpf.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_cgroup.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_cluster.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_comment.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_connbytes.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_connlabel.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_connlimit.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_conntrack.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_cpu.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_dccp.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_devgroup.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_dscp.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_ecn.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_esp.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_hashlimit.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_helper.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_hl.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_iprange.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_length.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_limit.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_mac.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_multiport.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_nfacct.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_osf.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_owner.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_physdev.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_pkttype.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_policy.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_quota.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_rateest.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_realm.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_recent.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_sctp.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_set.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_socket.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_state.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_statistic.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_string.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_tcpmss.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_time.ko
  INSTALL net/netfilter/xt_u32.ko
  DEPMOD  3.14.0-rc7+
合計 120
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    28  3月 19 10:19 build -> /home/user1/src/linux-kernel
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  4096  3月 19 10:19 kernel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13800  3月 19 10:19 modules.alias
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20113  3月 19 10:19 modules.alias.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11658  3月 19 10:19 modules.builtin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14344  3月 19 10:19 modules.builtin.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  8612  3月 19 10:19 modules.dep
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15376  3月 19 10:19 modules.dep.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    52  3月 19 10:19 modules.devname
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  6680  3月 19 10:19 modules.order
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   131  3月 19 10:19 modules.softdep
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2764  3月 19 10:19 modules.symbols
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3735  3月 19 10:19 modules.symbols.bin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    28  3月 19 10:19 source -> /home/user1/src/linux-kernel
Parallel mksquashfs: Using 4 processors
Creating 4.0 filesystem on /home/user1/build_1395191930/kmod.img, block size 131072.
[=============================================================================================|] 189/189 100%

Exportable Squashfs 4.0 filesystem, xz compressed, data block size 131072
	compressed data, compressed metadata, compressed fragments, compressed xattrs
	duplicates are removed
Filesystem size 422.11 Kbytes (0.41 Mbytes)
	22.28% of uncompressed filesystem size (1894.33 Kbytes)
Inode table size 1506 bytes (1.47 Kbytes)
	21.68% of uncompressed inode table size (6946 bytes)
Directory table size 2074 bytes (2.03 Kbytes)
	43.61% of uncompressed directory table size (4756 bytes)
Number of duplicate files found 0
Number of inodes 217
Number of files 189
Number of fragments 17
Number of symbolic links  0
Number of device nodes 0
Number of fifo nodes 0
Number of socket nodes 0
Number of directories 28
Number of ids (unique uids + gids) 1
Number of uids 1
	root (0)
Number of gids 1
	root (0)
Parallel mksquashfs: Using 4 processors
Creating 4.0 filesystem on /home/user1/build_1395191930/rootfs.img, block size 1048576.
[=========================================================================================-] 13028/13028 100%

Exportable Squashfs 4.0 filesystem, xz compressed, data block size 1048576
	compressed data, compressed metadata, compressed fragments, compressed xattrs
	duplicates are removed
Filesystem size 54833.49 Kbytes (53.55 Mbytes)
	25.27% of uncompressed filesystem size (217001.19 Kbytes)
Inode table size 160688 bytes (156.92 Kbytes)
	24.11% of uncompressed inode table size (666530 bytes)
Directory table size 156848 bytes (153.17 Kbytes)
	41.79% of uncompressed directory table size (375353 bytes)
Number of duplicate files found 477
Number of inodes 18471
Number of files 13019
Number of fragments 139
Number of symbolic links  4034
Number of device nodes 0
Number of fifo nodes 0
Number of socket nodes 0
Number of directories 1418
Number of ids (unique uids + gids) 18
Number of uids 8
	root (0)
	kikuchi (1000)
	libuuid (100)
	dnsmasq (104)
	syslog (101)
	ntp (105)
	www-data (33)
	usbmux (103)
Number of gids 16
	root (0)
	dip (30)
	shadow (42)
	kikuchi (1000)
	users (100)
	netdev (102)
	mail (8)
	utmp (43)
	syslog (104)
	tty (5)
	staff (50)
	libuuid (101)
	fuse (105)
	nogroup (65534)
	ssl-cert (107)
	adm (4)
* create initramfs ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.14.0-rc7+
/bin/df: Warning: cannot read table of mounted file systems: No such file or directory
warning: failed to read mtab
  adding: kernel.img (stored 0%)
  adding: kmod.img (stored 0%)
  adding: initramfs.img (stored 0%)
  adding: rootfs.img (stored 0%)
  adding: dtb.img (deflated 78%)
* Firmware filename: /home/user1/firmware_20140319_102118.img
done.
please remove working directory '/home/user1/build_1395191930' manually.
root@lubuntu-vpc:/home/user1#

できあがったファームウェアファイルは以下のとおりです。

root@lubuntu-vpc:/home/user1# ls -l /home/user1/firmware_20140319_102118.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61781549  3月 19 10:21 /home/user1/firmware_20140319_102118.img

ファームウェアファイルはZIPアーカイブ形式となっています。
内容は下記のとおりとなっています。

root@lubuntu-vpc:/home/user1# unzip -v firmware_20140319_102118.img
Archive:  firmware_20140319_102118.img
 Length   Method    Size  Cmpr    Date    Time   CRC-32   Name
--------  ------  ------- ---- ---------- ----- --------  ----
 3431840  Stored  3431840   0% 2014-03-19 10:19 d27c200d  kernel.img
  434176  Stored   434176   0% 2014-03-19 10:19 2b8250dd  kmod.img
 1754748  Stored  1754748   0% 2014-03-19 10:21 481c2b99  initramfs.img
56152064  Stored 56152064   0% 2014-03-19 10:20 4f4a0761  rootfs.img
   36000  Defl:N     7963  78% 2014-03-19 10:19 336cb54e  dtb.img
--------          -------  ---                            -------
61808828         61780791   0%                            5 files
root@lubuntu-vpc:/home/user1#

カスタマイズ

カーネルコンフィグのカスタマイズ

カーネルソースのディレクトリに “.config” ファイルがない場合、デフォルトのコンフィグを使用します。
組み込むドライバを変更するなどのカスタマイズは、“build_firm” スクリプト実行前に “make menuconfig” などで
実行しておいてください。

ファイルシステムのカスタマイズ

ターゲット用ファイルシステムのカスタマイズ (パッケージ追加など) を行い、ファームウェアにすることも可能です。
PC上で root filesystem を変更する(QEMU使用) を参照してください。

TIPS

ファームウェア容量の削減

v2.5.0 あたりから、Python 起動高速化のため、module のキャッシュをファームウェアに含めています (pycache ディレクトリ)。
これが原因で追加パッケージ類が容量オーバーで入らなくなった場合、キャッシュを削除することで4MB程度容量を稼ぐことが可能です。

# find mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr -name __pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/urllib/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/ctypes/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/email/mime/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/email/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/wsgiref/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/plat-arm-linux-gnueabihf/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/concurrent/futures/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/concurrent/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/idlelib/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/curses/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/multiprocessing/dummy/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/multiprocessing/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/pydoc_data/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/json/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/xmlrpc/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/logging/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/xml/parsers/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/xml/etree/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/xml/dom/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/xml/sax/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/xml/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/encodings/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/dbm/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/importlib/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/sqlite3/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/test/support/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/test/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/lib2to3/fixes/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/lib2to3/pgen2/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/lib2to3/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/tkinter/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/http/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/collections/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/venv/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/asyncio/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/html/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/distutils/command/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/distutils/__pycache__
mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr/lib/python3.4/__pycache__

pycache ディレクトリ以下を削除します。

# find mae320_trusty_rootfs/usr -name __pycache__ | xargs rm -rf

削除前・後での rootfs.img の容量は下記のようになります。

削除前

 63057920  2016-10-03 10:20   rootfs.img

削除後

 59187200  2016-10-04 09:45   rootfs.img

¹⁾ , ³⁾

root 権限での作業が必要です

²⁾

MA-E3xx シリーズからダウンロードできます