====== クライアント側の作業 ====== ===== 設定 ===== ==== 鍵ファイル類のコピー ==== [[mae3xx_tips:setup_openvpn:setup_server:start|]] で生成した、ca.crt およびクライアント用の **client**.crt, **client**.key ファイルをセキュアな手段で MA-E3xx に持ってきます。 |<20em 6em 10em >| ^ File ^ 内容 | |ca.crt|ルートCAの証明書| |client.crt|クライアントの証明書| |client.key|クライアントの秘密鍵| \\ 上記ファイルは ''/etc/openvpn/keys/'' 以下に配置します。 root@plum:~# ls -l /etc/openvpn/keys/ total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1814 Feb 25 15:58 ca.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5600 Feb 25 15:59 mae3xx_1.crt -rw------- 1 root root 1704 Feb 25 15:59 mae3xx_1.key \\ ==== 設定ファイルの作成 ==== OpenVPN クライアント用の設定ファイルを作成します。 ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. ;proto tcp proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. remote openvpn-server.example.jp 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nobody # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca /etc/openvpn/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/keys/mae3xx_1.crt key /etc/openvpn/keys/mae3xx_1.key # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ;ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 fragment 1426 mssfix ※ **remote openvpn-server.example.jp 1194** の行は、立ち上げたサーバのアドレスおよびポート番号に変更する必要があります。 \\ ===== 起動 ===== 設定変更を systemd に通知するため、"systemctl daemon-reload" を行ってから起動します。 root@plum:~# systemctl daemon-reload root@plum:~# systemctl start openvpn \\ 設定がきちんとできていれば、tun0 I/F が up して通信ができるようになります。 root@plum:~# ifconfig tun0 tun0: flags=4305 mtu 1500 inet 10.8.0.6 netmask 255.255.255.255 destination 10.8.0.5 inet6 fe80::7031:7640:14c0:272 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 100 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 4 bytes 304 (304.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 \\ syslog には下記のように出力されます。 Feb 25 16:36:42 plum systemd[1]: Starting OpenVPN service... Feb 25 16:36:42 plum systemd[1]: Started OpenVPN service. Feb 25 16:36:42 plum ovpn-client[1328]: OpenVPN 2.4.4 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH/PKTINFO] [AEAD] built on Sep 5 2018 Feb 25 16:36:42 plum ovpn-client[1328]: library versions: OpenSSL 1.1.0g 2 Nov 2017, LZO 2.08 Feb 25 16:36:42 plum systemd[1]: Started OpenVPN connection to client. Feb 25 16:36:42 plum ovpn-client[1328]: WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled. See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info. Feb 25 16:36:42 plum ovpn-client[1328]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:1194 Feb 25 16:36:42 plum ovpn-client[1328]: Socket Buffers: R=[163840->163840] S=[163840->163840] Feb 25 16:36:42 plum ovpn-client[1328]: UDP link local: (not bound) Feb 25 16:36:42 plum ovpn-client[1328]: UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:1194 Feb 25 16:36:44 plum ovpn-client[1328]: TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:1194, sid=3dac9839 d72b77f5 Feb 25 16:36:44 plum ovpn-client[1328]: VERIFY OK: depth=1, C=JP, ST=Tokyo, L=Musashino-shi, O=Century Systems, OU=SW4, CN=Century Systems CA, name=EasyRSA, emailAddress=kikuchi@centurysys.co.jp Feb 25 16:36:44 plum ovpn-client[1328]: VERIFY OK: depth=0, C=JP, ST=Tokyo, L=Musashino-shi, O=Century Systems, OU=SW4, CN=server, name=EasyRSA, emailAddress=kikuchi@centurysys.co.jp Feb 25 16:36:44 plum ovpn-client[1328]: WARNING: 'link-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='link-mtu 1546', remote='link-mtu 1562' Feb 25 16:36:44 plum ovpn-client[1328]: WARNING: 'cipher' is used inconsistently, local='cipher BF-CBC', remote='cipher AES-256-CBC' Feb 25 16:36:44 plum ovpn-client[1328]: WARNING: 'keysize' is used inconsistently, local='keysize 128', remote='keysize 256' Feb 25 16:36:44 plum ovpn-client[1328]: Control Channel: TLSv1.2, cipher TLSv1.2 ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, 2048 bit RSA Feb 25 16:36:44 plum ovpn-client[1328]: [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:1194 Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.8.0.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5,peer-id 0,cipher AES-256-GCM' Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: OPTIONS IMPORT: peer-id set Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: OPTIONS IMPORT: adjusting link_mtu to 1629 Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: OPTIONS IMPORT: data channel crypto options modified Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: Data Channel: using negotiated cipher 'AES-256-GCM' Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: Outgoing Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-GCM' initialized with 256 bit key Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: Incoming Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-GCM' initialized with 256 bit key Feb 25 16:36:46 plum systemd-udevd[1330]: link_config: autonegotiation is unset or enabled, the speed and duplex are not writable. Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: ROUTE_GATEWAY ON_LINK IFACE=ppp0 HWADDR=00:00:00:00:00:00 Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: do_ifconfig, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: /sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500 Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: /sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 local 10.8.0.6 peer 10.8.0.5 Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: /sbin/ip route add 10.8.0.1/32 via 10.8.0.5 Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this Feb 25 16:36:46 plum ovpn-client[1328]: Initialization Sequence Completed \\ ===== 確認 ===== ping で確認してみます。 root@plum:~# ping -c 5 10.8.0.1 PING 10.8.0.1 (10.8.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=481 ms 64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=501 ms 64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=480 ms 64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=499 ms 64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=530 ms --- 10.8.0.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 480.386/498.706/530.023/18.034 ms